Sunday, January 19, 2020
Benedick’s False Love in Much Ado About Nothing Essay -- Much Ado Abou
Benedick’s False Love in Much Ado About Nothing   Much Ado About Nothing is one of William Shakespeare’s best comedies and love stories. What is not to like about a play that is hilarious, romantic, and has a happy ending? In this play the foremost and most intriguing character is Benedick, a man who is a devout bachelor and who does not believe he will ever find the perfect woman; --because perfect is exactly what he must have. This may seem to be a harsh and pessimistic outlook on life, but the way Shakespeare brings this character to life portrays Benedick as a funny and caring man who really is not that certain about what he wants for the future. Benedick’s counterpart in the play is Beatrice who is an independent woman with a quick tongue. Benedick and Beatrice despise and cannot stand each other because it is seemingly impossible for them to have a conversation without arguing and angering each other. The two of them provide some of the more amusing scenes of the play with their word p lay and mocking of each other. In reality though, they have much in common that they have yet to realize. Both of them despise marriage, are witty, and are each their own persons. These however are not the reasons why they come together. They are brought together by their respective companions who conspire to tell each of them that the one loves the other as the two misdirected lovers listen in. In his speech directly after this, Benedick is swayed to a life that he previously would have avoided at all costs. In hearing of Beatrice’s supposed affection he immediately changes his entire outlook on perpetual bachelorhood and pronounces a love that is not real or his own, but comes secondhand from trickery.  Benedick â€Å"neve... ...                 man loves the meat in his youth that he cannot                                            endure in his age. Shall quips and sentences and                                            these paper bullets of the brain awe a man from the                                            career of his humor? No! The world must be peo-                                            pled. When I said I would die a bachelor, I did not    245                                            think I should live till I were married. Here comes                                            Beatrice. By this day, she’s a fair lady. I do spy some                                            marks of love in her.   Works Cited Shakespeare, William; Much Ado About Nothing; Washington Square Press; New York, NY; New Folger Edition May 1995
Saturday, January 11, 2020
The Incompatibility of Happiness and Truth
The Incompatibility of Happiness and Truth – Dystopia Brave New World is full of characters who do everything they can to avoid facing the truth about their own situations. The almost universal use of the drug soma is probably the most pervasive example of such willful self-delusion. Soma clouds the realities of the present and replaces them with happy hallucinations, and is thus a tool for promoting social stability. But even Shakespeare can be used to avoid facing the truth, as John demonstrates by his insistence on viewing Lenina through the lens of Shakespeare’s world, first as a Juliet and later as an â€Å"impudent strumpet. According to Mustapha Mond, the World State prioritizes happiness at the expense of truth by design: he believes that people are better off with happiness than with truth. Soma: The drug soma is a symbol of the use of instant gratification to control the World State’s populace. It is also a symbol of the powerful influence of science a nd technology on society. What are these two abstract entities that Mond juxtaposes? It seems clear enough from Mond’s argument that happiness refers to the immediate gratification of every citizen’s desire for food, sex, drugs, nice clothes, and other consumer items.It is less clear what Mond means by truth, or specifically what truths he sees the World State society as covering up. From Mond’s discussion with John, it is possible to identify two main types of truth that the World State seeks to eliminate. First, as Mond’s own past indicates the World State controls and muffles all efforts by citizens to gain any sort of scientific or empirical truth. Second, the government attempts to destroy all kinds of â€Å"human†truths, such as love, friendship, and personal connection.These two types of truth are quite different from each other: objective truth involves coming to a definitive conclusion of fact, while a â€Å"human†truth can only b e explored, not defined. Yet both kinds of truth are united in the passion that an individual might feel for them. As a young man, Mustapha Mond became enraptured with the delight of making discoveries, just as John loves the language and intensity of Shakespeare. The search for truth then, also seems to involve a great deal of individual effort, of striving and fighting against odds.The very will to search for truth is an individual desire that the communal society of Brave New World, based as it is on anonymity and lack of thought, cannot allow to exist. Truth and individuality thus become entwined in the novel’s thematic structure. Mustapha Mond Towards the end of the novel the reader gets more information about Mustapha Mond. John, Bernard and Helmholtz are taken to his office because of the scandal in the hospital. Mustapha Mond is one of the World Controllers and responsible for Western Europe.In the conversation with John he tells him that he was interested in science some years ago and because he was too clever for the society of Brave New World he had to choose between living on an island for the rest of his life and conforming to the lifestyle in that society, which was totally rebuilt after the Nine Years’ War and the Great Economic Collapse. He decided to conform and to use the chances the position of one of the World Controllers offers. Nevertheless he kept some of the books that are prohibited.When John who grew up with Shakespeare’s work asks him for the reason of this prohibition, he says that the government of Brave New World doesn’t want the people to be attracted by old things, especially books, because they should only like new things. In addition to that, the inhabitants wouldn’t understand books like â€Å"Othello†, because they live in totally different circumstances. They are happy, they aren’t afraid of anything, they get what they want and they never want what they can’t get.Brav e New World is a stable world and for understanding tragedies like â€Å"Othello†you need social instability. John criticises that art has been given up, but Mond explains to him that this is the price you have to pay for happiness. By giving John the example of an experiment where Alphas had to do even manual work all alone, but failed, he also explains the importance of the caste system, which is necessary for stability. Later, the two men talk about God and why he doesn’t exist in Brave New World.Mond says, that people don’t turn to God any longer, because they no longer have to suffer from illnesses, inconveniences, unhappiness, fears etc. so they can be independent of God and religion. John claims that God is the reason for everything noble and heroic, but Mustapha Mond tells him that there is no need for nobility or heroism, because everyone is conditioned: they can’t help doing what ought to be done and this is so pleasant that they don’t f eel the need to complain about anything.And if something unpleasant happens, there is always soma to make you happy again! Mustapha Mond is not able to convince John of his ideas and principles – in the end of their conversation John says that he claims the right to be unhappy, to become old and ugly, to have cancer and all sorts of illnesses, to have too little to eat, to be tortured†¦. so John claims the right to live like we live now.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Literature Review on Race and Color Prejudice in Othello
The primary characters of Shakespeare’s plays typically have an element of tragedy to them: some unfortunate outcome for them that occurs either despite their circumstances or because of them. In the case of Othello, the titular character is a tragic figure whose race leads many, including Iago, to scheme against him and lead to his downfall. In this essay, the character of Othello will be examined in terms of his race and behavior, through the lens of G.K. Hunters Othello and Color Prejudice. Here, Othello is presented as a black man who is a heroic figure, constantly fighting against the perceptions of others to succeed in his own field and life, only to be undone by a villain who is jealous of his accomplishments and fearful of his race. In the end, he becomes that very savage stereotype that he fought so hard to shake off. The main character of Othello is the Venetian general Othello, who is a Moor. In Othello, the Moor, is distrusted by Roderigo, Iago, and many others in the Venetian court; however, due to his marriage to Desdemona, as well as his military prowess, he is allowed to roam freely around Venice and take part in all the comforts of generalhood. When Othello is tasked to govern the island of Cyprus, Iago takes this chance to set in motion a chain of events that will undo Othello completely, leading to his death and Desdemona’s alike. Hamartia is the fatal flaw that the hero makes that leads to his downfall; Othello makes this mistake in believing Iago’s suspicions that Desdemona has cheated on him with Cassio, leading Othello to strangle Desdemona to death and give in to his more primal instincts. Race plays an important part in Othello’s character; however, that is mostly due to the reactions of outside forces (Iago et al.) to his presence. He himself very rarely notices or feels persecuted because of his race; it is not until Act III, scene 3, when he tries to figure out why Desdemona would be unfaithful to him, that he acknowledges any sort of negative connotation to being black – Here he says â€Å"Haply for I am black / And have not those soft parts of conversation / That chamberers have.†(III.iii.267-269) Othello himself, while in Venice, exerts confidence and eloquence, traits that are far more sophisticated than those expected of Moors by the rest of Venice, contributing to his acceptance by the majority of the people, including the Duke.  By the time he reaches Cyprus, however, he begins to succumb to his own animal nature and the machinations of Iago. Iago being the white villain turns many stereotypical associations between white and black o n their head, according to Hunter: he is the white man with the black soul while Othello is the black man with the white soul (251). Being the only non-white or non-Christian character in this play, the outsider nature of Othello is emphasized; he is all by himself, being judged by white neighbors, and he has no real outlet with which to express the unique attitudes of his people. He is able to set himself apart from his white brethren and strike out on his own, falling victim to the same traits that those who discriminate against him attribute to him – Othello’s barbarism makes him take his revenge against Desdemona. Othello is barely cognizant of the differences between him and his Venetian brothers; he merely interacts as though he is one of them. While there are most certainly those who are opposed to him because of his race, it does not affect him. It is only in the end that Iago’s trickery forces him to accept his differences, speaking of himself as â€Å"one that loved not wisely but too well, / Of one not easily jealous but, being wrought, / Perplexed in the extreme†(V.ii.34 1-344). Othello is somewhat defined by his relationship to Desdemona, much to his chagrin. Desdemona’s culture and femininity is crucial to taming Othello’s wilder, Moorish tendencies, and as soon as Iago begins to manipulate Othello into doubting Desdemona’s fidelity, that control vanishes. In Edmund Tilney’s â€Å"The Flower of Friendship,†it is stated that â€Å"a man may show his wife, and his sword to his friend, but not too far to trust them†(280). Iago uses this very principle to sow distrust of Desdemona within Othello, particularly around Cassio. Tinley also states that â€Å"It is a hard matter for an honest woman to love a dissolute man, or a wise spouse to accept a foolish mate†(280). In this quote, femininity is described as more sane, more in control than ‘foolish’ masculinity, making men fear it. The fear of femininity examined in Tilney’s text starts to turn Othello against Desdemona, claiming that she wi ll start to exert control over him. Shakespeare took much of his inspiration for how to characterize the Moor Othello through Leo Africanus’ translator John Pory’s â€Å"History and Description of Africa.†In it, he follows the aforementioned Moor, who navigates the wilderness with a mighty intelligence and wisdom. He has traveled through many desolate mountains and deserts, which impresses Pory. â€Å"I marvel much how ever he should have escaped so many thousands of imminent dangers†(p. 260). Othello also escapes so many imminent dangers in his history as a Venetian general this type of resilience and bravery is brought over to the Othello character as evidence of a wildness and rawness within him that is characteristic of Moors. Pory is also in awe of the diversity and willingness of the Moorish people to try new things â€Å"The liberality of this people hath at all times been exceeding great†(264). Othello also shares this trait by the mere virtue of joining the Venetian army and taking a white wife – while the rest of the Venetian court balks at it, Othello seems unfazed, at least in the beginning, before the words and manipulation of Iago turn him against her. In conclusion, Othello as a character is defined greatly by his race, in both the other characters’ interactions with him and his own behavior in the play; despite this, he is most definitely not stereotypical of portrayals of black characters at the time. Othello manages to find success despite his race as a general of the Venetian army, but is undone by the prejudicial forces against him (as well as his own savage nature). These character’s downfalls are derived from their own weaknesses Othello is the tragic victim of a spiteful lieutenant who tricks him into believing that his wife has been unfaithful. In the end, Hunter argues that Othellos characterization transforms from that of a contradiction from stereotypes into the stereotype himself, as Iago succeeds in making the deeds of Othello at last fit in with the prejudice that his face at first excited (Hunter 248). Works Cited Hunter, G.K. Othello and Colour Prejudice pp. 248-62. Pory, John. â€Å"The History and Description of Africa.†Othello and The Tragedy of Miriam: A     Longman Cultural Edition, Ed. Clare, Carroll. New York: Longman, 2003. pp.258-265. Shakespeare, William. The tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice. Print. Tilney, Edmund. The flower of friendship. Othello and The Tragedy of Miriam: A Longman  Cultural Edition, Ed. Clare, Carroll. New York: Longman, 2003 pp. 278-284.
Thursday, December 26, 2019
Failure in successful organizations Marconi - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3032 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Dissertation Proposal The Case Study of Marconi The following dissertation proposal previews and scouts ahead the major issues and themes involved in an exploratory study of the management failure of successful companies: in particular, the company Marconi. The central investigation of the proposal is this: how can a multi-billion pound companies like Marconi (similarly Enron, Parmalat, Bearings Bank etc.,) collapse so spectacularly and catastrophically. To what extent, and in what ways, did the management team of Marconi contribute to the collapse of the company? Which factors were decisive for failure: leadership, strategic errors, technological incompetence, public image mishandling? The proposal suggests a possible methodology according to which to a detailed investigation of the failures of Marconi may be explored; this methodology centres upon interviews and questionnaires undertaken with former Marconi staff and other managem ent professionals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Failure in successful organizations: Marconi" essay for you Create order Further, the dissertation proposal reviews and suggests the key literature that should form the base of this exploratory investigation. Moreover, the literature review delimits the major theoretical and practical principals of management that emerge from the literature and asks how these might be applied most usefully to an understanding of the management failures of Marconi. A provisional bibliography is supplied as the basis for the full dissertation and investigation. The dissertation proposal suggests that results from these investigations should be analysed using PSS data analysis, graphs, charts, data-sheets and a variety of other forms of representation. Finally, the dissertation proposal suggests a conclusion section in which will be discussed possible implications of this Marconi investigation and the avenues for future research that it might open up. CONTENTS PAGE  ® Abstract  ® Contents Page  ® Section 1: Marconi Introduction  ® Section 2: Research Question  ® Section 3: Research Aims Objectives  ® Section 4: Methodology  ® Section 5: Literature Review  ® Section 6: Discussion Analysis  ® Section 7: Bibliography  ® Section 8: Conclusion Section 1: Marconi Introduction In 2001, at the height of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"internet boomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Marconi was worth  £34 billion, its shares  £12.5 each, and it employed more than 90,000 staff; one year later the company was worth less than  £50 million, its shares 3.6p each, and it employed less than 3,000 staff (Brody Dunstan, 2004). The obvious question: what engendered the calamitous collapse of one of Britainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most respected and successful companies? To what extent were the management of Marconi responsible for the plummet of the company share-price? What was the role of leadership of the company, headed by Lord Simpson, in the free-fall of Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value? What were the key strategic errors that brought about the collapse? Did Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s handling of the crisis à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ particularly the handling of its public image à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ worsen the crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ seriousness? Was Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s management guilty of a nave and too rapid transition into the telecommunications sector? Each of these questions are fascinating for the management student; and the pursuit of answers to these questions promises to uncover much valuable information about the causes and consequences of management failures in multi-billion pound companies. Although this dissertation shall focus on Marconi, it will be useful and enlightening to compare the management failures of Marconi with those of other spectacularly failed companies such as Enron, Parmalat, WorldCom, Bearings and so on. This comparison allows an analysis of whether Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failures were endemic, or whether they were typical failures of companies of such a size. Section 2: Research Questions The general title for this dissertation proposal is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"An exploratory study of failure in successful organizations: the case study of Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. From this broad title, a more specific and refined research question is put forward, namely: Was the spectacular failure of Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s management due more to individual error, to strategic mistakes, to technological incompetence or to mismanagement of public image? Phrasing the research question in this way gives the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"exploratory studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ four clear areas of investigation whilst leaving open exploration of further unnamed factors. The dissertation itself can treat each of these areas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ individual error, strategy, technology, publicity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ equally, or it can undertake an in-depth investigation of a single factor . Preliminary Discussion Statement of Facts Turning to consider in turn each of these causes of failure at Marconi. Individual Error. Before 1997, under Lord Weinstockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leadership, Marconi had a celebrated reputation as one of the most financially prudent, conservative and reliable companies on the London stock-exchange. Lord Weinstock had concentrated Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business around its defence contracts, and this approach had led to a gathering of cash reserves of  £2.6 billion and the future health and prosperity of the company seemed assured. But in 1997 Lord Weinstock was succeeded by Lord Simpson; a manager with a radically different style and interpretation of the future direction that Marconi should take. Five years later Marconi shares were worth 3.6p and the company had debts of  £4 billion. Strategic Mistakes. Once at the helm, Lord Simpson immediately began a rapid and expansive re-orientation of Marconi towards the telecommunications sector, where he envisaged Marconi as a specialist supplier of telecommunications equipment and services. Lord Simpson sold much of Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s defence subsidiaries to BAe for  £6 billion so as to acquire telecommunications businesses. Lord Simpson bought Reltec for $2.1 billion, Fore Systems for $4.5 billion, and six further companies totalling  £265 million. Initially, during the internet boom, this decision led to a flourishing of the company, and in 2001 Marconi was worth an all-time high of  £34 billion. Nonetheless, when the miraculous conditions of the high-tech years began to wane, and when sales were slipping and customers buying Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products more hesitantly, the wisdom of this transit to telecommunications began to look much more dubious. This decision finally proved disastrous. On July 5th 2001, Marconi suspended its shares for an entire day à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ a highly unusual move for a major FTSE company. The next day, Lord Simpson announced that Marconi profits would be 50% lower than in 2000; extremely angry investors panicked and began to sell their shares immediately, causing a 54% drop in the share-price of the company. Technological Incompetence. After a few weeks of the crisis, the Marconi board finally realised that it must consolidate financial affairs for all of its companies; though it realised at the same time that doing this would be an extremely complicated and difficult matter. Desperately, in April 2001, thirty days before releasing its annual results, Marconi announced a restructuring plan that would be orchestrated by John Mayo. The central task of this restructuring was to be the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ elimination of duplicate information systems through the implementation of a single company-wide systems platformà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Brody Dunston, 2004: p68). John Mayo announced a $250 million deal with Oracle to provide this system; Oracl e was chosen because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" . . . of the vision and understanding of our integrated business requirements, combined with the ability to implement them very fastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Brody Dunstan, 2004: p.69). Nonetheless, the incompatibility of Oracle technology with Marconi businesses and Oracleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lack of experience in this field led to an unsatisfactory system implementation and to the stalling of Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s revovery. Publicity Mismanagement. Until the very eve of the crisis, Lord Simpson personally assured both Marconi share-holders and the stock-market that all was financially well with the company. Moreover, while other CEOs sensed the slowing of the market and took defensive measures accordingly, Lord Simpson continued an expensive acquisition of further communications companies. Further, the Marconi management insisted on restructuring and protecting their bonuses at a time when the company was losing billions. Section 3: Resear ch Aims Objectives The research aims and objectives of this dissertation will be as follows. (1) To set-down empirically testable hypotheses that will allow the corroboration or refutation of the dissertation research question. (2) To gather data à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ interviews, questionnaires, literature etc., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ about the management failures that led to the collapse of Marconi. (3) To analyze the extant academic literature to see how theoretical principles and practical examples can be usefully applied to the Marconi case-study. (4) To analyze the results of the dissertation by a variety of PSS analysis graphs, charts, data-sheets and other forms of representation. (5) To present an authoritative and lucid discussion of the principal results of this investigation. (6) To elucidate the possible future investigations of management failure that might be undertaken on the basis of this dissertation. Section 4: Methodolo gy The following methodology will be employed to gain answers to the questions posed by this dissertation proposal. As far as possible, the writer will arrange interviews with present and former members of staff at Marconi. These interviews will provide an invaluable first-hand source of information. In addition to interviews, questionnaires will be sent to other Marconi employees à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ thus widening the possible numbers of responses and so first-hand information. First-hand information will be supplemented by the management literature listed in the Bibliography section of this dissertation proposal. Management theory and practical applications relevant to the Marconi case-study will be derived from the academic books and journal articles discussed here, and these sources will allow for an interpretation of the causes and consequences of failure at Marconi. Gathered data will be analysed using PSS analysis, graphs, tables, pie-charts and other means of represen tation. The discussion of results will be undertaken in by essay analysis according to the four main aspects of the research question listed above: individual error, strategic mistakes, technological incompetence, and mismanagement of public image. The future consequences of these results will be put forth in the Conclusion section of the dissertation. Section 5: Literature Review In Section 7 of this dissertation proposal a provisional bibliography has been given as the basis for the full dissertation; this reading least will be supplemented by additional books and articles as they emerge from initial reading for the research questions. It is necessary here to discuss and speculate upon several issues raised by the literature material for this dissertation. Firstly, there is a paucity of academic books dealing specifically with the causes of the management failures of Marconi; there are many books which tackle the question at a general level. The dissertation will need the refore to rely heavily upon these general books, inferring appropriate management theories and examples to apply to the particular case study of Marconi. Further, it will be advantageous to make use of texts that discuss the collapse of other formerly highly successful but now defunct companies: for example, Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat and so on. Here, Brody and Dunstanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s The Great Telecoms Swindle: How The Collapse Of Worldcom Finally Exposed The Technology Myth may be of particular use. The book categorizes the typical and characteristic reasons for the failure of huge multi-national corporations; from this analysis it is possible to infer how similar Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s were to the general model of failure. Of the general books, the following may be particularly illuminating for the Marconi case study. For a discussion of the stagnation of the telecommunications market in the early 2000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s three books are recommended. For a general over view of the subject: A. Doldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2002) The Essential Guide to Telecommunications charts the history of the telecommunications industry and its oscillating fortunes in the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and early 2000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Waltersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) Spectacular Collapses: A History of Corporate Fraud and Fiascos and Jamesonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2003). Ecstasy to Despair: Stagnation in the Telecommunications Industry both give excellent analyses of the unrealistic expectations placed by senior managements on the telecommunication companies, and then of the responses of various companies to this stagnation. The strategic errors and theoretical misapplications made by Marconi are explained at the general level by two seminal texts: Geshonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2001). Telecommunications Management: Industry Structures and Planning Strategies and Silvermanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2002) Technological Restructuring and the Logic of Corporate Diversity. Geshonà ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s book introduces the subject of telecommunications management, its special features, its dangers, and the variety of management strategies that are most successful within the telecommunications sector. In the late 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Lord Simpson presided over Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transition from a defence manufacturer to a telecommunications specialist; Silvermanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work highlights the logic behind such a transition, and explains the technical difficulties and pitfalls encountered when restructuring a company around a technological base. From this analysis, it is possible to highlight the strategic errors of the Marconi management team. Excellent accounts of the extent to which individual ambition, negligence and error can precipitate the failure of once successful companies are given in: G.R. Griffinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1991) Machiavelli on Management: Playing and Winning the Corporate Power Game and M.P. Spencerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1995). Corporate Misconduct: The Legal, Societal and Management Issues. Both Griffin and Spencer examine the huge managerial freedoms given to company chairmen and CEOs and the consequences for companies when such colossal figures make disastrous errors of judgement. Such considerations are particularly relevant to Marconi, where its corporate leadership was safe and secure under Lord Weinstock, but then degenerated and faced a total loss of financial respectability under Lord Simpson. On the question of the management of Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s public image during the crisis, S.M. Oliverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2004) A Handbook of Corporate Communication and Public Relations: Pure and Applied is perhaps the best work of its kind. Oliver cites ten à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"golden principlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of management of public image, ranging from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Rule 1: Do not excel credibility. Be honestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Rule 6: Create and draw from a reservoir of good will à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and the application of these rules to Marconi shows that its management ignored or abused nearly every one of these rules. For instance, Lord Simpson publicly reassured investors of the financial soundness of the Marconi until the very last minute; thus Maroni far excelled its credibility and Lord Simpson was far from honest. The dissertation will use books like Oliverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to show how the mismanagement of Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s public and media image exasperated and compounded the individual and strategic errors of Marconià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s management team. It will explain how the tarnishing of public à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"perceptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of Marconi led to investors abandoning their shares in the company and their refusal to reinvest when the crisis was palliated by emergency measures. Finally, there are innumerable internet articles, spread over the past four years, which discuss the reasons for the management failures of Marconi. Th is abundance of internet sources is both an opportunity and a danger; the opportunity is that of gathering specific information about Marconi from analysts and commentators from the time of the collapse itself; the danger is the usual one associated with internet sources: their reliability. The profusion of articles on the internet, and the extreme ease with which they can be posted, often raises serious questions about the reliability and authoritativeness of these sources. Such sources must be used with some caution, and a greater margin of error acknowledged in their use. By using the above sources and others listed in the bibliography section of this dissertation proposal, the management student would have a sufficient and ample body of theory and practical examples upon which to construct his own case study into the management failures of Marconi. Section 6: Discussion Analysis Results from interviews and questionnaires will be analysed quantitatively and qualitative ly, using a variety of graphs, charts, diagrams, data-sheets and other means of representation. Interview and questionnaire sheets will be placed in appendices at the end of the dissertation. The discussion of these results will centre upon the four central causes of management failure in Marconi hypothesised in the Research Question section of this dissertation proposal: individual error, strategy mistakes, technological incompetence, and public image mismanagement. These hypotheses will be discussed in separate sections, where the individual literature relevant to that hypothesis will be brought to bear. A Literature Review section will highlight particular issues and special characteristics associated with the literature of the case study of Marconi; it will further discuss questions of source reliability, origin and so on. The final implications of these results will be determined and set in fresh relief in the Conclusion section of the dissertation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ possibl e further future investigations that might be carried out on the back of this dissertation will also be discussed in the conclusion. Section 7: Suggested Bibliography Academic Books, Journals Articles à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Dewig, A.S. (1914). Corporate Promotions and Reorganizations. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Brody, K Dunstan, S. (2004). The Great Telecoms Swindle: How The Collapse Of Worldcom Finally Exposed The Technology Myth. Oxford University Press, Oxford. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Callaway, R.L. (1999). The Realities of Management: A View From the Trenches. Oxford University Press, Oxford. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Dold, A. (2002). The Essential Guide to Telecommunications. Javelin Press, New York. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Drucker, P.F. (1954). The Practice of Management. Harper Row, New York. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Geshon, R.L. (2001). Telecommunications Management: Industry Structures and Planning Strategies. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Gratton, L. (1999). Strategic Human Resource Management: Corporate Rhetoric and Human Reality. Oxford University Press, Oxford. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Griffin, G.R. (1991). Machiave lli on Management: Playing and Winning the Corporate Power Game. Praeger Press, London. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Grunig, J.E. (1992). Excellence in Public Relations and Communications Management. Clarendon Press, Oxford. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Jameson, J. (2003). Ecstasy to Despair: Stagnation in the Telecommunications Industry. Clivedon Press, Dublin. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Klein, J.I. (2000). Corporate Failure by Design: Why Organizations Are Built to Fail. Quorum Books, London. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Mace, M.L. (1961). Management Problems of Corporate Acquisition. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ McChahery, J. (1994). Corporate Control and Accountability. Clarendon Press, Oxford. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Oden, H.W. (1997). Managing Corporate Culture: Innovation and Intrapreneurship. Quorum Books, London. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Oliver, S.M. (2004). A Handbook of Corporate Communication and Public Relations: Pure and Applied. Routledge, London. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â ‚¬ Silverman, B.S. (2002). Technological Restructuring and the Logic of Corporate Diversity. Routledge, London. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Spencer, M.P. (1995). Corporate Misconduct: The Legal, Societal and Management Issues. Quorum Books, London. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Walters, B. (2004). Spectacular Collapses: A History of Corporate Fraud and Fiascos. Pneumbra Books, New York. Section 8: Conclusion The aforementioned dissertation proposal, by focusing in-depth on a single company, Marconi, promises to uncover much valuable information about the causes and the types of management failures that can lead to the collapse of vast multi-billion pound and once highly successful companies like Marconi, Enron, WorldCom and others. As is evident from the drastic job losses forced upon Marconi, the collapse of multi-billion-pound companies has profound consequences for their employees, for the companies themselves and for stock-markets and economies generally. Understanding the causes of s uch management failures is therefore vital for educating and training future managers to avoid repeating these hugely costly errors. The present dissertation proposal intends to examine four principal causes for the meltdown at Marconi, and by doing this discover which factor was of the singular greatest importance in bringing about the downfall of Marconi. It is further hoped that the results of this dissertation investigation will become a spring-board for other similar investigations into the failures of other companies similar to Marconi.
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Government Assistance Programs - 1243 Words
Unemployment and poverty pervaded American society during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Fatherless children ran abundant in the streets. Money was worthless unless it was for toilet paper. Many families were evicted from their homes, marriage was delayed, and the birthrate fell. The economic collapse of the 1930s was terrifying. For about seven years, Americans suffered greatly in the Great Depression until in 1933 when Franklin D. Roosevelt started his First Hundred Days campaign, leading to the start up of the government assistance programs. As the years progressed, more government assistance programs came into existence and old ones transformed. Today, there are numerous government assistance programs ranging from food needs to†¦show more content†¦Benefits help bring society together as a nation. Although government assistance programs are very beneficial, they have their negative consequences. Often assistance programs can lead the sponsor to bankruptcy and promote negative financial behaviors. Many people have come to rely on the government for daily necessaries; however, this considerably impacts American’s financial standing. Much of the funding for the assistance programs is running very low. â€Å"Social Security is not sustainable over the long term at current benefit and tax rates. It is estimated that the trust funds reserves will be exhausted by 2033,†(SSA.org). Many of the programs are facing budget cuts due to Congress trying to reduce the federal budget deficit and national debt. Because of the over use of assistance, America’s budget for assistance programs is constantly decreasing. As a solution to solve the budget problems more assistance programs have been created leading to numerous programs that offer the same resolution. Because of th e multiple assistance coverage, majorities of people have dual coverage resulting in more funding then necessary for recipients. The extra funding that recipients receive promotes negative financial behaviors. People on food stamps often buy unhealthy food vs. the healthier food. People have the choice to buy a nice 12-dollar cake vs. the two-dollar box cake. Due to the fact thatShow MoreRelatedThe Potential Abolishment of Government Assistance Programs 1248 Words  | 5 PagesThe Potential Abolishment of Government Assistance Programs Government Assistant Programs such as Welfare, Food stamps, Daycare, Healthcare, Energy, Communication and Transportation should be kept because they serve as an aid to people who need them. Past and current supporters of extirpating Government Assistant Programs claim that social security is number one on the list for needing to be suppressed. There are some who say that social security is a mandatory Ponzi scheme that has a bad effectRead MoreGoogle And Management Of An Internet Search Engine991 Words  | 4 Pagesengine, which provides easy-to-use free service (Wikipedia). Google has developed a high standard of employee welfare policies, other than the requirement standard by the State and the Federal Government. Google also have many additional benefits to encourage employee to stay safe and healthy, such program includes free food, on-site laundry, dry cleaning, and change clothes service, indoor sports center, parenting train service, benefits of deceased employee and invited various celebrities to visitRead MoreEssay about The Duke Substance Program1051 Words  | 5 Pagesuniversity and hospital with some of the best graduate programs. Now, Dukes name has been moving up on prestigious lists. The university, hospitals and clinics across North Carolina, employs more than 30,000 faculty and staff. 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By the strategy of mental health assessment, good policy and procedures, crisisRead MoreTotal Compensation Is The Package Of Quantifiable Rewards1565 Words  | 7 PagesCompensation is the package of quantifiable rewards an employee receives for his or her labors. It includes three components: base compensation, pay incentives, and indirect compensation/benefits (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 2016, p. 317). Although government pay has grade level (e.g. Grade 1 – 15) and you might tend to know a GS 1 salary from a GS 14 salary; however, it’s still a secret because there are steps 1 through 10 per grade levels. There are really no secrets when it comes to salary becauseRead MoreLife Chances Of Poor Children Essay1423 Words  | 6 Pagessucceeding. Research Question: Are government assistance programs helping improve the academic performance of children in poverty? 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Medicaid is a program that funds primary and acute medical services and a variety of other services. The program is financed by the federal government and the states. It is a mutual collaboration of two levels of the government to help with their health care coverage. The idea is incredible, the states and the federal government s hare responsibilityRead MoreSocial Security Act Essay686 Words  | 3 PagesSecurity Act of 1935, signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, created a program that included social insurance programs, as well as public assistance. Both programs came about due to the depression and were created as part of the New Deal to benefit the citizens who needed assistance. While both programs were created to assist the public, each program had different eligibility requirements and accomplished different tasks. Social insurance programs were designed to provide continuing income to citizens over
Monday, December 9, 2019
Judge Declares Microsoft A Monopoly Essay Example For Students
Judge Declares Microsoft A Monopoly Essay On November 5, 1999, District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson declared one of the leading software companies in the world, a monopoly. The United States government has what are called, antitrust laws, which prevent a company from having a monopoly on a market. The US charged Microsoft with violations of these laws, stating that they were thwarting such competitors as, Netscape Navigator, and other web browsers. The US justice department has accused Microsoft of being engaged in massive anticompetitive practices. Bill Gates, owner of Microsoft, believes that the practices of Microsoft are in no way that of a monopoly, and are just forms of very aggressive competition. It is estimated that any sanctions that Microsoft faces will be appealed for years to come, prolonging this case. Judge Penfield has not ruled on whether Microsoft has broken the antitrust laws set forth by the government; and it will be years before the judge sets the penalties for these infractions. The decision of Jackson was announced after the closing of the stock market, and the market is closed for a week after this decision. This is good news, because many economists feared a large dive due to this recent decision. The court evaluated thousands of pages of electronic mail, and 76 days of testimony, and came to the conclusion that Microsoft was partaking in anticompetitive practices. Jackson stated that Microsoft has demonstrated that it will use its prodigious market power and immense profits to harm any firm that insists on pursuing initiatives that could intensify competition. The government will continue this case against Microsoft and continue to push for the penalties to be presented to the corporate giant. The ideas that the justice system has to punishing Microsoft range from, forcing the license of Windows to be distributed to other competitors, large fines, or breaking up Microsoft into smaller divisions. The process of serving the punishment will take a very long time, but one can ensure that the penalties will be great. Boston Globe Online- http://www.boston.com/globe/ By: Peter J. Howe, Globe Staff 11/6/99Category: Business
Monday, December 2, 2019
Analysis of Japanese Horror Genre Essay Example
Analysis of Japanese Horror Genre Essay Conventions and Achievements of the Japanese Horror Genre Analysis Japanese society is rarely valued as a compassionate society, willing to alleviate suffering of others as oppose to other societies and cultures. The high suicide rate in this country justifies this. The lack of empathy can be portrayed in the media in the form of movies. Japanese horror has become increasingly popular throughout the years and has gained many loyal fans. Many people prefer Japanese horror to Hollywood horror as Japanese horror tends to have a tenser atmosphere. They are different to the typical horror movie and have an edge to them. This is not necessarily because there is more blood or gore; purely because they have a realistic value as well as the chill factor. People often watch horror movies because they are in need of a good thrill; its a safe, entertaining way to get the blood pumping. Over the last centaury horror movies have progressed rapidly. In the 1930s, Frankenstein became notably popular. Its distinct storyline had movie fans captivated in the latest movie phenomenon. Frankenstein is about the consequence of man playing God with nature. Its born of the scientific discoveries of the time such as electricity. Many people felt they were blasphemies and would lead to abominations like Frankensteins monster; people were powerfully influenced by movies. Decades passed and it seemed as though inhuman creatures such as Frankensteins monster and Dracula were not enough to captivate audiences for much longer. Nor were the aliens and creatures from unknown planets which were undoubtedly popular in the 1950s. Even the tender, prime youths trapped in Scream and I Know What You Did Last Summer were becoming more and more predictable and prosaic. A new breed of horror movies soon became sought after; Japanese horror. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Japanese Horror Genre specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Japanese Horror Genre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Japanese Horror Genre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Japanese horror catered the needs of movie addicts with a whole new dimension of bloodcurdling, eerie, and spine-chilling happenings. Their storylines unique, as oppose to the typical American horror movie. With authentic characters and chilling spirits the Japanese directors achieved something American movie makers couldnt achieve; a heartfelt, sincere display, whilst sustaining the terror and tension. In a world which is indeed our world, the one we know, a world without devils, sylphides, or vampires, there occurs an event, which cannot be explained by the laws of this same, familiar world. These are the words of Tzvetan Todorov. He said that in our minds we believe that there is no such thing as supernatural beings such as vampires and sylphides but there is always a chance that they may be present, always that small chance that they might in fact be existant. Todorov is asserting that we do question our intuition and sometimes we do let our imaginations run loose. Reputable examples of the Japanese horror: Ju-On and Dark Water In Ju-On a curse is present as conscious if immaterial being. The curse conceived of a grudge, is brought to life by a man who brutally murders his wife in her attic. Consequently, the house remains occupied with a phantasm, Kayako, which will not tolerate anyone entering the house. She seeks her vengeance by eradicating anyone entering the house in the same way her husband did to her; dragging them into her attic and murdering them. Kayakos son, Toshio, whose death was elusive, appears as a motif. He is the most obtrusive hint that danger is close by. He appears on his own which symbolises family breakdown and reveals a sense of discomfort and concern. Dark Water Movie Overview In Dark Water a mother, Yoshimi, is under a great deal of stress; she is fighting to keep custody of her daughter, Ikuko, battling a divorce case and is trying to get her life back on track by getting a new job and moving into a new apartment. After moving into the new apartment, subtle hints reveal that in fact the place is homing something supernatural. The movies share similar conventions. In Dark Water and Ju-On the faces of the supernatural beings are hidden. By doing this, the audience do not connect with the character and the character is portrayed as mysterious and dark. The audience are less likely to feel empathy towards something they cannot see. It makes the audience feel that the character has something to hide, that in fact they are pure evil. Additionally, the usage of light is eminently effective in both of the movies. Ju-On Movie Overview In Ju-On the lighting is divine in the sense that it entrances the audience into believing the whole home is infected with a ghostly spirit. This is achieved by the dark spells and filtered blue lights. It makes it the perfect setting for a supernatural being to be lurking around. In Dark Water the lighting also worked equally as well. The dark, shadowy scenes always alerted the audience to be aware. The use of primary colours worked well too, the yellow coat and the recurring red bag. Primary colours work well because they are dominant and important; these signs were dominant and important. Both of the movies start with an establishing shot focusing on home. There is a sense of irony here as home is supposed to be somewhere people feel safe and secure but not in these movies. The home seems to create more problems. Dark Water starts with a mother and daughter rushing off home trying escape the pouring rain falling down on them. As they reach their apartment the rain seems to have followed them inside, water is leaking and they seem incapable of escaping from the water. The establishing shot is of a mother and daughter looking up to a building. The building is presented as a tall, towering construction leaning over the helpless victims entering it. Immediately, the building has an unpleasant stigma attached to it. This building is revealed to be a future home. The building seems to dismiss the true values of a home; its not a warm, inviting dwelling but a dark, eerie place. This scene is accompanied by non-harmonious, discordant and non-diagetic music. The murmur of deep sounds builds up tension in the atmosphere. The sound is unsettling and unnatural; it is subliminally pushing the connotation of supernaturalism. This effect was created to build up suspense and make the audience feel as though they know something out of the ordinary is going to happen. Mitsukos presence is displayed in many forms by the movie maker Hideo Nakata throughout the movie before her appearance. The signifiers of Mitsuko are effective because the audience are left in suspense waiting for the mystery to unravel and are constantly captivated by the reoccurring motifs. One of the most lucid motifs of Mitsukos existence is the yellow coat. Amongst the dark, eerie atmosphere this bright coat portrays change and importance. Also, the reoccurring red bag that keeps appearing every time Yoshimi tried to get rid of it shows that Mitsuko is persistent; she wont give up. Other signifiers which arent as apparent include footsteps, shadows and posters. The prime motif was the presence of water. Whenever the water is present the music accompanying the scene is discordant and non-diagetic implying that evil is present or close by. These sounds add to the tension creating an unearthly feel. M R James wrote, Two ingredients most valuable in the concocting of a ghost story are, to me, the atmosphere and the nicely managed crescendo. He believed that building up to the climax slowly and effectively then revealing the mystery is a very important quality in a horror movie. Dark Water follows this model as the build up is slow and unobtrusive at first with the motifs and when we do reach a climax it is apparent as the music changes and the whole atmosphere becomes tenser. The build up is most successful in Dark Water in the bathroom scene. Ikuko moves towards the sink and turns the tap. She sees hair in the sink. The reaction shot captures her reaction as she drops the glass and moves back quickly. The tap continues to run. Elsewhere, Yoshimi is near the water tank. It is indented, the result of which seems incapable of creation by any mere human. A high angle shot of Yoshimi shows she is being watched. Meanwhile, back in the bathroom Ikuko is watching the bath fill with dirty water, she tries to turn the tap but it seems to be stuck. The bath overflows with dirty water and bubbles appear. A high angle shot is in place when Ikuko is grabbed by the head and forcefully pushed under water. This shows that something was watching her. A low angle shot captures her struggling. Throughout this scene the music plays an effective role; as the build up to the crescendo occurs the music gets louder and faster showing that something extreme was taking place, placing great emphasis on the importance of this scene. Using the reaction shot the audience managed to sense Ikukos fear. By using the high angle shot the audience were aware of the eerie presence which loomed through the scenes. The audiences response to this would be that they would feel tension as the build up reached the crescendo and they would feel sorry for Ikuko witnessing such a situation. Also, they will feel shocked as they probably didnt think that Ikuko would get pulled into the water. Hideo Nakata placed great emphasis on the tension in this movie as he probably had the same beliefs as M. R James, that building up the tension then revealing the threat was an effective way to keep the audience drawn to the movie. Both Ju-On and Dark water end with the death of the central characters, this is not what audiences would usually expect. This is because in most movies its always the good character that defeats the bad character. Yoshimi dies in Dark Water because she realises she would have to sacrifice her own life in aid of Ikuko having a chance of survival; she knew Mitsuko would not give in. Throughout the movie it seems as though bad luck seems to follow Yoshimi; first her divorce, then her custody battle and settling into a strange apartment. Throughout the movie it seems as though she is being followed by an undying spirit, the high angle camera shots represent this. Yoshimis death is consistent with the language of the movie. One of the most heartfelt scenes was the final scene in which Ikuko desperately wanted her mother but her mother, Yoshimi, was with Mitsuko. The imagery of water surrounding Ikuko displayed one of the movies main motifs, badness being present. In this case was the fact that Ikukos mother was hugging this freak of a girl rather then her own daughter. Although the reasonings behind this were sincere, the audience felt a great deal of sympathy towards the little girl. Dark Water is showing the bad side of Japan which is often sheltered. It indicates the common problems which are often hidden. They are often hidden because Japanese society is strict and orderly. It is now becoming very modern and urban, a paradox as there are many old suspicious beliefs in place, although, Japan it self is quite modern, there is a clash. Honour and respect are key points in Japanese society. There is a worry that younger generations will dismiss these values and the older generations will look down upon this. Dark Water presents to us that although Japan seems to come across as an almost perfect society it experiences problems like any other society such as child abuse, neglection, divorce and adultery. In conclusion, I found this movie successful in sustaining the mystery and the build up was good too. This movie was a change to the typical movie in which the evil character is defeated and the good character lives on as a hero. This excited the viewer as they did not know what was coming next. Also, the lack of clarity is effective. Going back to the words of Tzvetan Todorov, there is an uncertainty and the audience do think twice on the happenings of this movie. Hideo Nakata achieved portraying the breakdown of Japanese culture effectivly in the form of child neglection and divorce. This would schock conventional veiwers. All in all, the movie captivates veiwers, keeps them glued to their seats and gives them a whole new insight on Japanese society with a unique twist.
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