Translating Names of Minerals to Gemstones and Back

When certain minerals compress under specific conditions, most often below the surface of the earth, a process occurs which forms a new compound known as a gemstone. Gemstones can be made of one or more minerals, and as a result, some minerals refer to more than one gemstone name. In order to better understand the interaction between the two, reference the two charts below — the first details each gemstone and the minerals that combined to form it and the second lists each mineral and the gemstones it can produce. For instance, Quartz can form Amethyst, Ametrine, Citrine, and Morion (and a few more) gemstones depending on which other minerals and elements compress together and at what depth in the earths crust and temperature the compression occurs at. How Gemstones Are Formed Most gemstones are formed in either the crust or the very top layer of the earths mantle in the molten magma bubbling in the depths of the world, but only peridot and diamonds are formed deep in the mantle. All gems, however, are mined in the crust where they can cool to solidify in the crust, which is made up of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock. Like the minerals that make up gemstones, some are associated with one kind of rock in particular while others have several types of rock that go into the creation of that stone. Igneous gemstones are formed when magma solidifies in the crust and crystallizes to form minerals then an increase in pressure starts a series of chemical exchanges which eventually cause the mineral to compress into a gemstone. Igneous rock gemstones include amethyst, citrine, ametrine, emeralds, morganite, and aquamarine as well as garnet, moonstone, apatite, and even diamond and zircon. Gemstones to Minerals The following chart serves as a translation guide between gemstones and minerals with each link going to photos of the gems and minerals: Gemstone Name Mineral Name Achroite Tourmaline Agate Chalcedony Alexandrite Chrysoberyl Amazonite Microcline Feldspar Amber Amber Amethyst Quartz Ametrine Quartz Andalusite Andalusite Apatite Apatite Aquamarine Beryl Aventurine Chalcedony Benitoite Benitoite Beryl Beryl Bixbite Beryl Bloodstone Chalcedony Brazilianite Brazilianite Cairngorm Quartz Carnelian Chalcedony Chrome Diopside Diopside Chrysoberyl Chrysoberyl Chrysolite Olivine Chrysoprase Chalcedony Citrine Quartz Cordierite Cordierite Demantoid Garnet Andradite Diamond Diamond Dichroite Cordierite Dravite Tourmaline Emerald Beryl Garnet Pyrope, Almandine, Andradite, Spessartine, Grossularite, Uvarovite Goshenite Beryl Heliodor Beryl Heliotrope Chalcedony Hessonite Grossularite Hiddenite Spodumene Indigolite/Indicolite Tourmaline Iolite Cordierite Jade Nephrite or Jadeite Jasper Chalcedony Kunzite Spodumene Labradorite Plagioclase Feldspar Lapis Lazuli Lazurite Malachite Malachite Mandarin Garnet Spessartine Moonstone Orthoclase, Plagioclase, Albite, Microcline Feldspars Morganite Beryl Morion Quartz Onyx Chalcedony Opal Opal Peridot Olivine Pleonast Spinel Quartz Quartz Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite Rhodolite Almandine-Pyrope Garnet Rubellite Tourmaline Rubicelle Spinel Ruby Corundum Sapphire Corundum Sard Chalcedony Scapolite Scapolite Schorl Tourmaline Sinhalite Sinhalite Sodalite Sodalite Spinel Spinel Sugilite Sugilite Sunstone Oligoclase Feldspar Taaffeite Taaffeite Tanzanite Zoisite Titanite Titanite (Sphene) Topaz Topaz Tourmaline Tourmaline Tsavorite Garnet Grossularite Turquoise Turquoise Uvarovite Uvarovite Verdelite Tourmaline Violan Diopside Zircon Zircon Minerals to Gemstones In the following chart, the minerals in the column on the left translate to the gemstone name on the right, with links contained therein forwarding to more information and additional of the minerals and gemstones associated. Mineral Name Gemstone Name Albite Moonstone Almandine Garnet Almandine-Pyrope Garnet Rhodolite Amber Amber Andalusite Andalusite Andradite Demantoid Garnet Apatite Apatite Benitoite Benitoite Beryl Aquamarine, Beryl, Bixbite, Emerald, Goshenite, Heliodore, Morganite Brazilianite Brazilianite Chalcedony Agate, Aventurine, Bloodstone, Carnelian, Chrysoprase, Heliotrope, Jasper, Onyx, Sard Chrysoberyl Alexandrite, Chrysoberyl Cordierite Cordierite, Dichroite, Iolite Corundum Ruby, Sapphire Diamond Diamond Diopside Chrome Diopside, Violan Grossular/Grossularite Hessonite, Tsavorite Garnet Jadeite Jade Lazurite Lapis Lazuli Malachite Malachite Microcline Feldspar Amazonite, Moonstone Nephrite Jade Oligoclase Feldspar Sunstone Olivine Chrysolite, Peridot Opal Opal Orthoclase Feldspar Moonstone Plagioclase Feldspar Moonstone, Labradorite Pyrope Garnet Quartz Amethyst, Ametrine, Cairngorm, Citrine, Morion, Quartz Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite Scapolite Scapolite Sinhalite Sinhalite Sodalite Sodalite Spessartine Mandarin Garnet Sphene (Titanite) Titanite Spinel Pleonast, Rubicelle Spodumene Hiddenite, Kunzite Sugilite Sugilite Taaffeite Taaffeite Topaz Topaz Tourmaline Achroite, Dravite, Indigolite/Indicolite, Rubellite, Schorl, Verdelite Turquoise Turquoise Uvarovite Garnet, Uvarovite Zircon Zircon Zoisite Tanzanite

Is The Nearest Wifi Password - 1780 Words

We live in a hyperconnected world where linking up with someone thousands of miles away is easier than making your own doctor s appointment, and all that you would need to accomplish this is the nearest wifi password. So its no surprise that we can see how each culture is noticeably influencing many of the other cultures around the world. We can also see how each of these cultures are not entirely unified throughout a country, as people can be effected by their regional location, and even the way they speak. So each culture can become increasingly diverse, and have a variety of different effects on many different people depending on the part of that culture that those people have been exposed to. With that diversity in mind there is actually a term for these recognized diversions. When there is a group of people in a culture that share a different set of: values, ideals, or behaviors, we classify it as a subculture. There are many things that we can use as identifiers for subcultures , such as particular styles, some intense interests, or even the use of different dialects. The difference in dialect can also be added to the influence of linguistic relativity and how people relate to and interact with the world and other people around themselves. These cultural influences are brought around through many different mediums, sometimes its through force when things like wars and governments get involved, however in our world as it is now media is generally the preferredShow MoreRelatedDesign and Implementation of Wifi Hotspot3604 Words   |  15 PagesGerald Kayanja 3240726 Advanced Diploma of Telecommunication Engineering School of Engineering, TAFE | Design and Implementation of Wifi Hotspot | | Final Project Report | RMIT University October 25, 2010 Supervised by: Sayed Kamrul Hasan 1. Abstract With the growing popularity of wireless internet and intranet technology, Wifi-Hotspot is a common buzz word in the telecommunication engineering environment. The features and options that wireless hotspot offers it has becameRead MoreFeasibility Study on Internet Cafe Chapter 17099 Words   |  29 Pagescafà © as well, with food and drinks being served. Internet Service Provider (ISP). Short for Internet Service Provider, a company that provides access to the Internet. For a monthly fee, the service provider gives you a software package, username, password and access phone number. Equipped with a modem, you can then log on to the Internet and browse the World Wide Web and USENET, and send and receive e-mail. Job specification. It is a detail of competencies, education, and experience qualificationsRead MoreFreemium Business Model21065 Words   |  85 Pagesattractive enough for people to use it rather than finding the nearest computer. Of course one shouldn t overexaggerate the wonders of the iPhone most of its features have been available long before the iPhone, but it does signify the start of an era where people are going to be using their mobile phones for more than just calling and text messaging, something that has been predicted to happen â€Å"next year† every year since the late 90’s. As Wifi availability increases, 3G bandwidth and processor capacitiesRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesvoice transmission can provide higherquality transmission—less noise on the line—just as digital recording provides higher-fidelity music. Most of our telephone instruments are still analog devices, so the signal sent from the instrument to the nearest switching center (which may be operated either by the telephone company or by your own organization) is still an analog signal. These telephone switches, however, are rapidly being converted from analog to digital switches. When the analog voice

What You Do Not Know About Journal Paper Writing Services

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Directors Duties and Responsibilities

Question: Discuss about the A guide to Directors Duties and Responsibilities. Answer: Relevant law A company director is the sole/heart of the company who runs and manages the company affairs. Section 9 of the Corporation Act 2001 defines a director as the person who performs the functions of the directors and comprise of shadow, de facto, alternate directors, etc. There are common and statutory duties which every director must comply with. (WD Duncan, 2012) Common law duties 1.Every director must perform with utmost good faith, with bonfide intention and in the companys interest (Whitehouse v Carlton Hotel Pty Ltd (1987). There is breach, if the companys interest is not taken into account but the breach is considered what a reasonable prudent man thinks in the like circumstances Farrow Finance Company Ltd (in liq) v Farrow Properties Pty Ltd (in liq) (1997). 2.Every director must act with proper purpose and should not misuse their powers to gain benefit for themselves (Pine Vale Investments Ltd v East Ltd East Ltd Anor (1983). Every director must act with diligence and care. This duty cannot be delegated and even of delegated it will not absolve the responsibility of the director (Statewide Tobacco Services Ltd v Morley (1990). 1.The directors must be fully informed regarding the affairs of the company before making any decisions at the board (Daniels v Anderson (1995). 2.Every director must avoid any conflicting situation and if the conflicts occur then the companys interest should prevail (SEA Food International Pty Ltd v Lam (1998). 3.Directors own a fiduciary duty which must be complying with in every scenario No confidential information must be disclosed by the directors. No director must abuse the corporate opportunities. Statutory duties 1.Section 180 (1) of the Act establishes that the duty of diligence and care should be performed by the directors and other officers like a normal prudent man do in the similar circumstances (ASIC v Healy (2011). 2.As per section 181, every director or officers must act in good faith, proper purpose and in companys interest. This duty is breached even when the directors are acting honestly. As per section 182 and section 183 of the Act, the position and information, respectively, of the company must not be misused which is disadvantageous to company and in the benefit of the directors (ASIC v Vizard[2005]) regardless of the fact whether benefit or disadvantage actually occurs or not. As per section 191-195 of the Act, the director must disclose all the material personal interest which he has in the affairs of the company. Application As per facts, Property Developments Ltd (company) with Julian, Sol and Daniel as directors. The company intent to acquire a land. The company also desires to engage an architectural firm to design plans for their buildings and sought various firms to tender for the role. Breach of duty by Julian As per the facts, Julian, at the board meeting recommends to buy the land from Gerald (his uncle) @ $850,000 (current market value). He did not disclose his relationship with Gerald and the fact that his uncle intends to sell the land to pay the bank loan. Now, Julian is in breach of his statutory duty under section 182-183 as he misused his position and information and it makes no difference whether any disadvantage to the company or any benefit to him actually incurs or not. Also, he did not acted with all due care and diligence, with good faith, proper purpose or in the company interest and thus has violated section 180 (1) 181. Also, he did not disclose any material personal interest and is in violation of section 191-195 of the Act. Also, Raphael is the brother of Julian and is the owner/director of an architectural practice company. Julian is in charge of the tender process. Julian by using his position and information has informed Raphael as what each architectural firm is going to charge. This has provided an advantage to Raphael to offer the lowest price. Thus, Julian has dishonestly and recklessly violated section 182 and section 183 of the Act. Also, he did not disclose his relation with Raphael to other directors and thus has violated section 181 of the Act. Julian has also violated common law duties of good faith, transferring of confidential information, misuse of position and information. Breach of duty by Sol and Daniel Both the directors agree to buy the land from Gerald and authorize Julian to proceed with the transaction. They make no independent financial enquiry and how the company will raise the finances. They are not pro at understating finance and leave it to the companys accountants to sort out. Thus, they acted without any care and diligence by not enquiring into the financial position of the transaction and also violated their duty of good faith which they have against the other personnels of the company and thus have breach section 180(1)- 182 of the Act. The common law duties of good faith, transferring of confidential information, misuse of position and information are also violated. Since Julian is in breach of 180 (1) 183 section 191-195 of the Act thus, civil penalties must be imposed upon him. Sol and Daniel has also violated section 180(1)- 182 of the Act. Thus, the directors can be compensated or impose with civil penalty a fine of $200,000 or can be disqualified under section 206C of the Act. Also, Julian has provided advantage to Raphael by acting recklessly and dishonestly and thus has violated section 180 (1)-183 of the Act. So he committed a criminal offense under section 184 and can be imposed with a fine of $360,000 or 5 years Jail or both or can be disqualified (section 206 B). All the directors can take the defense under section 180 (2) to relieve from the breach of section 180 (1), if the director/officer can prove that the decisions taken by them is in good faith, proper purpose, there is no material personal interest or genuinely consider that the decisions in the companys best interest. Conclusion Thus, Julian has acted without any care, diligence and good faith. He also acted recklessly and dishonestly. Thus, he is liable both under civil and criminal law. Also, Sol and Daniel ahs also violated section 180 (1)- 182 and thus civil liabilities can be imposed upon them. References Books/Articles/Journals? Etraining (2008) A guide to directors duties and responsibilities for non-listed public companies and proprietary companies in Australia. WD Duncan (2012) Joint Ventures Law in Australia: 3rd Edition. Federation Press. Case laws ASIC v Healy (2011) 83 ACSR 484. ASIC v Vizard[2005] FCA 1037 Daniels v Anderson (1995) 37 NSWLR 438. Farrow Finance Company Ltd (in liq) v Farrow Properties Pty Ltd (in liq) (1997) 26 ACSR 544. Pine Vale Investments Ltd v East Ltd East Ltd Anor (1983) 8 ACLR 199. SEA Food International Pty Ltd v Lam (1998) 16 ACLC 552. Statewide Tobacco Services Ltd v Morley (1990) 2 ACSR 405 Whitehouse v Carlton Hotel Pty Ltd (1987) 162 CLR 285.