Hawksbill Sea Turtle Facts

Hawksbill Sea Turtle Facts The hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) has a delightful carapace, which made this turtle be pursued about to annihilation. Here you can find out about the common history of this species.â Hawksbill Turtle Identification The hawksbill turtle develops to lengths of 3.5 feet long and loads of as much as 180 pounds. Hawksbill turtles were named for the state of their bill, which seems to be like the nose of a raptor. The hawksbill was valued for its shell, which was utilized in brushes, brushes, fans and even furnishings. In Japan, hawksbill shell is alluded to as bekko. Presently the hawksbill is recorded under Appendix I in CITES, which implies that exchange for business designs is prohibited. Notwithstanding its wonderful shell and hawklike mouth, other recognizing highlights of the hawksbill turtle incorporate covering scutes, and 4 sidelong scutes on each side of its carapace, a tight, pointed head, and two noticeable paws on their flippers.â Arrangement Realm: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ReptiliaOrder: TestudinesFamily: CheloniidaeGenus: EretmochelysSpecies: imbricate Living space and Distribution Hawksbill turtles involve an enormous range that extends all through everything except the universes coldest waters. They travel many miles among taking care of and settling grounds. Major settling grounds are in the Indian Ocean (e.g., Seychelles, Oman), Caribbean (e.g., Cuba, Mexico), Australia, and Indonesia. Hawsbillsâ forage aroundâ coral reefs,â seagrass beds, nearâ mangrovesâ and in sloppy tidal ponds. Taking care of An investigation by Dr. Anne Meylan of the Florida Marine Research Institute indicated that 95% of a hawksbills diet is comprised of wipes (read progressively about hawksbill diet). In the Caribbean, these turtles feed on in excess of 300 wipe species. This is an intriguing food decision - wipes have a skeleton made of needle-formed spicules (made of silica, which is glass, calcium or protein), which basically implies, as James R. Spotila said in his book Sea Turtles, a hawkbills stomach is loaded up with little glass shards. Propagation Female hawksbills home on sea shores, frequently under trees and other vegetation. They lay around 130 eggs one after another, and this procedure takes 1-1.5 hours. They will return out to the ocean for 13-16 days before laying another home. Hatchlings gauge .5 ounce when they bring forth, and afterward spend their initial 1-3 years adrift, where they may live on piles of Sargassum. During this time they eat green growth, barnacles, fish eggs, tunicates and scavangers. At the point when they arrive at 8-15 inches, they draw nearer to shore, where they eat basically wipes as they become bigger. Preservation Hawksbill turtles are recorded as basically jeopardized on the IUCN Redlist. The rundown of dangers to hawsbills is like that of the other 6 turtle species. They are undermined by gathering (for their shell, meat and eggs), despite the fact that exchange bans appear to support the populace. Different dangers incorporate living space annihilation, contamination, and bycatch in angling gear. Sources Refers to. Status of Trade in Hawksbill Turtles (Online). Refers to Web Site. Gotten to February 20, 2011, as of August 2015, no longer accessible.Mortimer, J.A Donnelly, M. 2008. Eretmochelys imbricata (Online) IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Rendition 2010.4. Gotten to on February 20, 2011.NOAA Fisheries. Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Gotten to August 10, 2015.Spotila, James R. Ocean Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior and Conservation 2004. The Johns Hopkins University Press.Turtles.org The Atlantic Green Turtle (Online). Gotten to February 16, 2011.Waller, Geoffrey, ed. SeaLife: A Complete Guide to the Marine Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. 1996.

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Six Free Essays

I couldn’t tell Nic. He didn’t put stock in enchantment. He’d take me to the closest emergency clinic, lock me up and never look back. We will compose a custom exposition test on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Six or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now At that point we’d experience genuine difficulty, since my drug had exploded with the compound. Me, bolted inside, with the full moon not exactly seven days away. Better believe it, inconvenience. Be that as it may, that was insignificant right now. We arrived at the shed; Nic investigated the spot with run of the mill FBI accuracy. Nobody was inside. Nobody had messed with the ATV. â€Å"I’ll drive,† 1 said. â€Å"I don’t think so.† â€Å"You don’t get the opportunity to think. I know where we’re going.† â€Å"I could figure it out,† he protested, however he hopped on behind me. I could guess by the strained quality of Nic’s thighs against mine, and the minuscule beginnings he couldn't stop each time the ATV tipped excessively far to the other side, that he wasn’t used to riding them, and he didn’t care for any other individual to be in charge. We arrived at the interstate, a free land for any cleared street in the region, and I took off at the quickest clasp the ATV would permit †around thirty miles for every hour. Driving at top speed without a protective cap wasn’t my concept of fun, despite the fact that I had nothing to fear from a head injury. Nic, in any case, did. â€Å"It’s going to take us two hours or more to get to town,† he yelled. â€Å"Got a superior idea?† His quiet was answer enough. We went at a pace more slow than the normal wolf, which could run forty miles for each hour on an awful day. Super-wolves, at the end of the day, lycanthropes, could top that speed effortlessly. As I drove I thought about the symbol in my pocket. Was the totem a sign? A danger? A mishap? I expected to demonstrate the charm to Will Cadotte, our master on Native American supernatural quality. Helpfully, he had gone to Wisconsin with Edward. Had the thing really snarled? I would have said no, aside from Nic had heard it, as well. I’d never watched any powerful conduct from the dark totem, however that didn’t mean there hadn’t been any. Jessie McQuade, a J-S specialist and previous cop, swore she’d seen the totem proceed onward its own. Why should I say she was nuts? We proceeded peacefully for near 60 minutes. Talking was silly with the thunder of the engine and the roar of the breeze. However, I didn’t need words to hear Nic boisterous and clear. The press of his thighs wasn’t the main thing I felt. He’d missed me, in a larger number of ways than one. His palms rode my midsection; his thumbs slid under my suit cover and played with the skin simply over my undies hose. His breath prodded the hair that had fallen free from my standard French curve. I must be straightforward with him. What had been between us once would never be again, regardless of the slippery reaction of my body to his. I had such a large number of insider facts I couldn’t share. An excess of work that must be finished. Such a large number of beasts that needed me dead. I strained, half-anticipating that him should cup my bosoms, at that point hook his mouth onto my neck and nurse. Legs wide as I rode the seat, the breeze shot up my skirt, mixing me where I required no assistance being blended. His fingertips brushed the swell of my back. â€Å"Nic,† I said. Dissent, request †I wasn’t sure. Didn’t matter. The breeze flung the word into the night. Snow started to fall †thick, fleecy chips that would before long cloud the street. I needed to think. We expected to arrive at a town before the tempest hit, or more terrible. I was at that point half-solidified and I was sure Nic was, as well. Be that as it may, it was difficult to think as Nic’s hand slid over my skin, palm warm, hard, level against my stomach. I looked down. My skirt was climbed to my hips, and seeing my stocking-clad legs, my white cotton briefs, his sun-seared hand and callused fingers, energized me so much that 1 did nothing when his center finger slid lower and stroked me only a single time. Fortunate nobody was on the roadway aside from us. Or on the other hand so I thought. I lifted my look, at that point turned to maintain a strategic distance from the enormous dark scoundrel of the street. The correct wheel sneaked off the asphalt, and we were airborne. Fortune was our ally, and we were tossed clear. Most ATV wounds are the consequence of the machine falling on the riders. As it seemed to be, I arrived on my shoulder and something crunched. Disregarding the torment, I mixed to my feet, scanning wildly for Nic. I discovered him at the edge of the tree line. He wasn’t moving. The wolf swung his head toward me. Light dim, natural eyes shone in a non domesticated face. â€Å"Billy,† I mumbled. I ought to have known he hadn’t passed on. Folks like him never did. It would take something more terrible than a firebomb to stop Billy Bailey. Yet, where had he been? Had it required some investment to mend his wounds, at that point uncover his way from underneath the rubble? Shouldn't something be said about the others? Had they made due, also? I stressed my ears yet heard just the breeze, sniffed the air and found only the fragrance of day off insane Billy. Either the remainder of my storm cellar wolves had discovered opportunity, at that point dispersed, or they were cinders and Billy was significantly more remarkable than I’d suspected. Furthermore, wasn’t that simply unique? Billy’s head positioned; his tongue lolled, as though he were chuckling. For hell's sake, he likely was. I fingered the firearm in my pocket. I could place each slug into Billy, and it wouldn’t moderate him down. In the event that I remained in this structure, he’d execute me †in the event that I was fortunate †at that point proceed onward to Nic. I would need to move. Be that as it may, such things required some serious energy, and at mid-move I’d be exposed. Billy had no doubts. He’d hold up until the most exceedingly awful conceivable second, at that point assault. In any case, I needed to face the challenge, trust my changing at all would confound him long enough for me to accept another structure. I figured out how to commence my shoes †I loathed it when my paws burst through them †yet I didn’t get the opportunity to evacuate whatever else. Not that I’d strip before Billy regardless of whether I had seven days. As I lifted my face, snowflakes brushed my cheeks, adhered to my eyelashes, prickled my nose. I pushed aside the tactile interruptions and thought of the moon. On the off chance that it had been full I wouldn’t have needed to attempt. Without the round silver circle that pulled like the rhythmic movement of the tide, the change was somewhat harder, particularly for those with hindered minds. I wager Billy had one helluva time getting hairy today around evening time. He snarled, low in his throat. I was looking for trouble, yet he didn’t realize what. Entirely soon he’d become ill of pondering, come here and beat me down. With me still a lady, and him effectively a brute, he’d experience no difficulty by any stretch of the imagination. Gazing at the dark velvet sky, I imagined the cool metallic white of the moon spilling over my face. I smelled the breeze, the trees, the earth. Night. The totem in my pocket shimmied, and my preferred suit split at the creases. The moving of bones, the bending of spine, as a rule delivered distress. Going from bipedal to quadrapedal wasn’t expected to feel better. My skin would bum when the hide came. My fingers and toes consistently throbbed as they grew hooks. My face hurt as my nose and my mouth merged into a nose. I despised getting hairy †consistently had, possibly I generally would in the event that I never found a fix †yet torment was its least. I detested being secured with hair, growing a tail. The slobbering, the gasping, the wailing, and I never could get the earth free from my fingernails. Turning into a werewolf was damnation on a nail trim. Be that as it may, today around evening time, the change was easy. Today I pondered being a wolf, and out of nowhere I was. Billy howled. I was the quickest changer in the West. A cursed werewolf academic. Something exceptional was going on, however I didn’t have the opportunity to make sense of what. Werewolves not just have natural eyes, they have human insight. I recognized what I needed to do and why, so without giving Billy time to think, I charged. This wasn’t pointless fooling around however a battle until the very end. Billy would come after me, and he’d continue coming until he had what he needed. Me. I’d preferably be dead over Billy Bailey’s sex slave. That information gave me an edge. I hit him hard, and he tumbled onto his back. Either disarray had eased back his responses, or I’d unexpectedly become quicker than the normal werewolf. Perhaps both. My teeth touched Billy’s throat before he sent me flying. I arrived on a similar shoulder that had hit the ground when I’d taken off the ATV, and I whimpered. Without human blood, I wouldn’t recuperate totally today around evening time, however simply turning into a wolf would improve any injury quicker than it was conceivable to clarify. Billy struck me broadside before I could roll onto each of the fours. I hammered into the soil sufficiently hard to make my earsring. My head hurt, and I made some troublesome memories centering. He could have slaughtered me at that point, on the off chance that he hadn’t been a crazy sadomasochist. Rather than going for my jugular, he drew blood from my tummy, and afterward licked it away. Sicken moved through me, followed intently by outrage. Utilizing my legs, my hooks, I tossed him free, at that point I did what he hadn’t. Hopping on top, I locked onto Billy’s throat and pulled. In spite of the fact that I attempted to escape the way, blood showered my face and chest. I abandoned in reverse, not in any event, standing by to see Billy’s natural eyes go wolf as he kicked the bucket. I moved into a lady more rapidly than I at any point had previously. My garments a torn knot, I despite everything figured out how to cover myself enough. Scooping a bunch of day off, let it liquefy in my palm so I could clean away a portion of the blood and the soil. Recalling the cut to my stomach, I lifted my suit. Nothing. Glaring, I moved my shoulder. Not a twinge. Had the charm allowed f

Perot, H. Ross

Perot, H. Ross Perot, H. Ross (Henry Ross Perot), 1930â€", American business executive and political leader, b. Texarkana, Tex., grad. Annapolis, 1953. In 1957 he resigned his commission and became a salesman for IBM. In 1962 he founded Electronic Data Systems (EDS), one of the first computer data service companies. In 1984, he sold EDS to General Motors, but retained an interest in the company. Bitterly critical of General Motors management, he sold his remaining interests in EDS to GM for $700 million (1986). He diversified into real estate, gas, and oil and in 1988 started a new computer service company, Perot Systems. Perot came to national attention during the Iran hostage crisis (1979), when he funded an operation that rescued two of his employees from an Iranian prison. In 1992, he emerged as an independent candidate for president, expressing serious concern over the national debt. After a departure from the race in July, which alienated much of his support, he returned in October and fi nished third in the general election with nearly one fifth of the popular vote. He subsequently opposed the ratification of the North American Free Trade Agreement . In 1995 Perot founded a new national political party, the Reform party , as an alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties. As the party's 1996 presidential candidate, he again finished third in the presidential race, but with a much reduced popular vote. While Perot remained a significant force in the party, during the late 1990s his role was gradually eclipsed by the Reform governor of Minnesota, Jesse Ventura. See K. Follett, On Wings of Eagles (1983); D. Levin, Irreconcilable Differences: Ross Perot versus General Motors (1989). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Translating Names of Minerals to Gemstones and Back

When certain minerals compress under specific conditions, most often below the surface of the earth, a process occurs which forms a new compound known as a gemstone. Gemstones can be made of one or more minerals, and as a result, some minerals refer to more than one gemstone name. In order to better understand the interaction between the two, reference the two charts below — the first details each gemstone and the minerals that combined to form it and the second lists each mineral and the gemstones it can produce. For instance, Quartz can form Amethyst, Ametrine, Citrine, and Morion (and a few more) gemstones depending on which other minerals and elements compress together and at what depth in the earths crust and temperature the compression occurs at. How Gemstones Are Formed Most gemstones are formed in either the crust or the very top layer of the earths mantle in the molten magma bubbling in the depths of the world, but only peridot and diamonds are formed deep in the mantle. All gems, however, are mined in the crust where they can cool to solidify in the crust, which is made up of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock. Like the minerals that make up gemstones, some are associated with one kind of rock in particular while others have several types of rock that go into the creation of that stone. Igneous gemstones are formed when magma solidifies in the crust and crystallizes to form minerals then an increase in pressure starts a series of chemical exchanges which eventually cause the mineral to compress into a gemstone. Igneous rock gemstones include amethyst, citrine, ametrine, emeralds, morganite, and aquamarine as well as garnet, moonstone, apatite, and even diamond and zircon. Gemstones to Minerals The following chart serves as a translation guide between gemstones and minerals with each link going to photos of the gems and minerals: Gemstone Name Mineral Name Achroite Tourmaline Agate Chalcedony Alexandrite Chrysoberyl Amazonite Microcline Feldspar Amber Amber Amethyst Quartz Ametrine Quartz Andalusite Andalusite Apatite Apatite Aquamarine Beryl Aventurine Chalcedony Benitoite Benitoite Beryl Beryl Bixbite Beryl Bloodstone Chalcedony Brazilianite Brazilianite Cairngorm Quartz Carnelian Chalcedony Chrome Diopside Diopside Chrysoberyl Chrysoberyl Chrysolite Olivine Chrysoprase Chalcedony Citrine Quartz Cordierite Cordierite Demantoid Garnet Andradite Diamond Diamond Dichroite Cordierite Dravite Tourmaline Emerald Beryl Garnet Pyrope, Almandine, Andradite, Spessartine, Grossularite, Uvarovite Goshenite Beryl Heliodor Beryl Heliotrope Chalcedony Hessonite Grossularite Hiddenite Spodumene Indigolite/Indicolite Tourmaline Iolite Cordierite Jade Nephrite or Jadeite Jasper Chalcedony Kunzite Spodumene Labradorite Plagioclase Feldspar Lapis Lazuli Lazurite Malachite Malachite Mandarin Garnet Spessartine Moonstone Orthoclase, Plagioclase, Albite, Microcline Feldspars Morganite Beryl Morion Quartz Onyx Chalcedony Opal Opal Peridot Olivine Pleonast Spinel Quartz Quartz Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite Rhodolite Almandine-Pyrope Garnet Rubellite Tourmaline Rubicelle Spinel Ruby Corundum Sapphire Corundum Sard Chalcedony Scapolite Scapolite Schorl Tourmaline Sinhalite Sinhalite Sodalite Sodalite Spinel Spinel Sugilite Sugilite Sunstone Oligoclase Feldspar Taaffeite Taaffeite Tanzanite Zoisite Titanite Titanite (Sphene) Topaz Topaz Tourmaline Tourmaline Tsavorite Garnet Grossularite Turquoise Turquoise Uvarovite Uvarovite Verdelite Tourmaline Violan Diopside Zircon Zircon Minerals to Gemstones In the following chart, the minerals in the column on the left translate to the gemstone name on the right, with links contained therein forwarding to more information and additional of the minerals and gemstones associated. Mineral Name Gemstone Name Albite Moonstone Almandine Garnet Almandine-Pyrope Garnet Rhodolite Amber Amber Andalusite Andalusite Andradite Demantoid Garnet Apatite Apatite Benitoite Benitoite Beryl Aquamarine, Beryl, Bixbite, Emerald, Goshenite, Heliodore, Morganite Brazilianite Brazilianite Chalcedony Agate, Aventurine, Bloodstone, Carnelian, Chrysoprase, Heliotrope, Jasper, Onyx, Sard Chrysoberyl Alexandrite, Chrysoberyl Cordierite Cordierite, Dichroite, Iolite Corundum Ruby, Sapphire Diamond Diamond Diopside Chrome Diopside, Violan Grossular/Grossularite Hessonite, Tsavorite Garnet Jadeite Jade Lazurite Lapis Lazuli Malachite Malachite Microcline Feldspar Amazonite, Moonstone Nephrite Jade Oligoclase Feldspar Sunstone Olivine Chrysolite, Peridot Opal Opal Orthoclase Feldspar Moonstone Plagioclase Feldspar Moonstone, Labradorite Pyrope Garnet Quartz Amethyst, Ametrine, Cairngorm, Citrine, Morion, Quartz Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite Scapolite Scapolite Sinhalite Sinhalite Sodalite Sodalite Spessartine Mandarin Garnet Sphene (Titanite) Titanite Spinel Pleonast, Rubicelle Spodumene Hiddenite, Kunzite Sugilite Sugilite Taaffeite Taaffeite Topaz Topaz Tourmaline Achroite, Dravite, Indigolite/Indicolite, Rubellite, Schorl, Verdelite Turquoise Turquoise Uvarovite Garnet, Uvarovite Zircon Zircon Zoisite Tanzanite

Is The Nearest Wifi Password - 1780 Words

We live in a hyperconnected world where linking up with someone thousands of miles away is easier than making your own doctor s appointment, and all that you would need to accomplish this is the nearest wifi password. So its no surprise that we can see how each culture is noticeably influencing many of the other cultures around the world. We can also see how each of these cultures are not entirely unified throughout a country, as people can be effected by their regional location, and even the way they speak. So each culture can become increasingly diverse, and have a variety of different effects on many different people depending on the part of that culture that those people have been exposed to. With that diversity in mind there is actually a term for these recognized diversions. When there is a group of people in a culture that share a different set of: values, ideals, or behaviors, we classify it as a subculture. There are many things that we can use as identifiers for subcultures , such as particular styles, some intense interests, or even the use of different dialects. The difference in dialect can also be added to the influence of linguistic relativity and how people relate to and interact with the world and other people around themselves. These cultural influences are brought around through many different mediums, sometimes its through force when things like wars and governments get involved, however in our world as it is now media is generally the preferredShow MoreRelatedDesign and Implementation of Wifi Hotspot3604 Words   |  15 PagesGerald Kayanja 3240726 Advanced Diploma of Telecommunication Engineering School of Engineering, TAFE | Design and Implementation of Wifi Hotspot | | Final Project Report | RMIT University October 25, 2010 Supervised by: Sayed Kamrul Hasan 1. Abstract With the growing popularity of wireless internet and intranet technology, Wifi-Hotspot is a common buzz word in the telecommunication engineering environment. The features and options that wireless hotspot offers it has becameRead MoreFeasibility Study on Internet Cafe Chapter 17099 Words   |  29 Pagescafà © as well, with food and drinks being served. Internet Service Provider (ISP). Short for Internet Service Provider, a company that provides access to the Internet. For a monthly fee, the service provider gives you a software package, username, password and access phone number. Equipped with a modem, you can then log on to the Internet and browse the World Wide Web and USENET, and send and receive e-mail. Job specification. It is a detail of competencies, education, and experience qualificationsRead MoreFreemium Business Model21065 Words   |  85 Pagesattractive enough for people to use it rather than finding the nearest computer. Of course one shouldn t overexaggerate the wonders of the iPhone most of its features have been available long before the iPhone, but it does signify the start of an era where people are going to be using their mobile phones for more than just calling and text messaging, something that has been predicted to happen â€Å"next year† every year since the late 90’s. As Wifi availability increases, 3G bandwidth and processor capacitiesRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesvoice transmission can provide higherquality transmission—less noise on the line—just as digital recording provides higher-fidelity music. Most of our telephone instruments are still analog devices, so the signal sent from the instrument to the nearest switching center (which may be operated either by the telephone company or by your own organization) is still an analog signal. These telephone switches, however, are rapidly being converted from analog to digital switches. When the analog voice

What You Do Not Know About Journal Paper Writing Services

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Directors Duties and Responsibilities

Question: Discuss about the A guide to Directors Duties and Responsibilities. Answer: Relevant law A company director is the sole/heart of the company who runs and manages the company affairs. Section 9 of the Corporation Act 2001 defines a director as the person who performs the functions of the directors and comprise of shadow, de facto, alternate directors, etc. There are common and statutory duties which every director must comply with. (WD Duncan, 2012) Common law duties 1.Every director must perform with utmost good faith, with bonfide intention and in the companys interest (Whitehouse v Carlton Hotel Pty Ltd (1987). There is breach, if the companys interest is not taken into account but the breach is considered what a reasonable prudent man thinks in the like circumstances Farrow Finance Company Ltd (in liq) v Farrow Properties Pty Ltd (in liq) (1997). 2.Every director must act with proper purpose and should not misuse their powers to gain benefit for themselves (Pine Vale Investments Ltd v East Ltd East Ltd Anor (1983). Every director must act with diligence and care. This duty cannot be delegated and even of delegated it will not absolve the responsibility of the director (Statewide Tobacco Services Ltd v Morley (1990). 1.The directors must be fully informed regarding the affairs of the company before making any decisions at the board (Daniels v Anderson (1995). 2.Every director must avoid any conflicting situation and if the conflicts occur then the companys interest should prevail (SEA Food International Pty Ltd v Lam (1998). 3.Directors own a fiduciary duty which must be complying with in every scenario No confidential information must be disclosed by the directors. No director must abuse the corporate opportunities. Statutory duties 1.Section 180 (1) of the Act establishes that the duty of diligence and care should be performed by the directors and other officers like a normal prudent man do in the similar circumstances (ASIC v Healy (2011). 2.As per section 181, every director or officers must act in good faith, proper purpose and in companys interest. This duty is breached even when the directors are acting honestly. As per section 182 and section 183 of the Act, the position and information, respectively, of the company must not be misused which is disadvantageous to company and in the benefit of the directors (ASIC v Vizard[2005]) regardless of the fact whether benefit or disadvantage actually occurs or not. As per section 191-195 of the Act, the director must disclose all the material personal interest which he has in the affairs of the company. Application As per facts, Property Developments Ltd (company) with Julian, Sol and Daniel as directors. The company intent to acquire a land. The company also desires to engage an architectural firm to design plans for their buildings and sought various firms to tender for the role. Breach of duty by Julian As per the facts, Julian, at the board meeting recommends to buy the land from Gerald (his uncle) @ $850,000 (current market value). He did not disclose his relationship with Gerald and the fact that his uncle intends to sell the land to pay the bank loan. Now, Julian is in breach of his statutory duty under section 182-183 as he misused his position and information and it makes no difference whether any disadvantage to the company or any benefit to him actually incurs or not. Also, he did not acted with all due care and diligence, with good faith, proper purpose or in the company interest and thus has violated section 180 (1) 181. Also, he did not disclose any material personal interest and is in violation of section 191-195 of the Act. Also, Raphael is the brother of Julian and is the owner/director of an architectural practice company. Julian is in charge of the tender process. Julian by using his position and information has informed Raphael as what each architectural firm is going to charge. This has provided an advantage to Raphael to offer the lowest price. Thus, Julian has dishonestly and recklessly violated section 182 and section 183 of the Act. Also, he did not disclose his relation with Raphael to other directors and thus has violated section 181 of the Act. Julian has also violated common law duties of good faith, transferring of confidential information, misuse of position and information. Breach of duty by Sol and Daniel Both the directors agree to buy the land from Gerald and authorize Julian to proceed with the transaction. They make no independent financial enquiry and how the company will raise the finances. They are not pro at understating finance and leave it to the companys accountants to sort out. Thus, they acted without any care and diligence by not enquiring into the financial position of the transaction and also violated their duty of good faith which they have against the other personnels of the company and thus have breach section 180(1)- 182 of the Act. The common law duties of good faith, transferring of confidential information, misuse of position and information are also violated. Since Julian is in breach of 180 (1) 183 section 191-195 of the Act thus, civil penalties must be imposed upon him. Sol and Daniel has also violated section 180(1)- 182 of the Act. Thus, the directors can be compensated or impose with civil penalty a fine of $200,000 or can be disqualified under section 206C of the Act. Also, Julian has provided advantage to Raphael by acting recklessly and dishonestly and thus has violated section 180 (1)-183 of the Act. So he committed a criminal offense under section 184 and can be imposed with a fine of $360,000 or 5 years Jail or both or can be disqualified (section 206 B). All the directors can take the defense under section 180 (2) to relieve from the breach of section 180 (1), if the director/officer can prove that the decisions taken by them is in good faith, proper purpose, there is no material personal interest or genuinely consider that the decisions in the companys best interest. Conclusion Thus, Julian has acted without any care, diligence and good faith. He also acted recklessly and dishonestly. Thus, he is liable both under civil and criminal law. Also, Sol and Daniel ahs also violated section 180 (1)- 182 and thus civil liabilities can be imposed upon them. References Books/Articles/Journals? Etraining (2008) A guide to directors duties and responsibilities for non-listed public companies and proprietary companies in Australia. WD Duncan (2012) Joint Ventures Law in Australia: 3rd Edition. Federation Press. Case laws ASIC v Healy (2011) 83 ACSR 484. ASIC v Vizard[2005] FCA 1037 Daniels v Anderson (1995) 37 NSWLR 438. Farrow Finance Company Ltd (in liq) v Farrow Properties Pty Ltd (in liq) (1997) 26 ACSR 544. Pine Vale Investments Ltd v East Ltd East Ltd Anor (1983) 8 ACLR 199. SEA Food International Pty Ltd v Lam (1998) 16 ACLC 552. Statewide Tobacco Services Ltd v Morley (1990) 2 ACSR 405 Whitehouse v Carlton Hotel Pty Ltd (1987) 162 CLR 285.